Romanticism in The Lamb and London Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Romanticism in The Lamb and London - Essay Example The poem ' The Lamb' is very simple to understand but shows poet's immense faith and understanding of the nature and the almighty. The poem is the dialogue between the poet and the lamb. In the first few stanzas the poets asks lamb, "Does thou know who made thee." He wants to make it known to him that he is not made by any human being nor himself makes him, rather he is the part of the nature. Then he tells that he is made by the being that is also called by the same name as "The Lamb." Similarly he clarifies further that the other things, which he get, like the feed, soft woolen clothing and the tender voice, are also all given by the same person, who by nature is meek and mild. This being is also the child. Then the poet says he himself is also a child and he is also created by created by him as he says, "We are all called by his name." The poet feels that the lamb, his possessions and everybody else are the part of the nature and created by the almighty. He also says that we are p art of almighty, in that sense the nature and the almighty are one and the same thing. "London" is a very different type of poem. It reflects two things: one the prevailing atmosphere in London at that time and 2) the poets mood and attitude towards the life during that phase of life. It's a sorrowful poem. He begins by saying that not only the streets but also the river in London is chartered (not free to the ordinary people). He says whomever he comes across shows the marks of weakness and woes. And "every" man, infant is suffering; there is a voice of the cry, sorrow in the whole atmosphere. Then by giving the example of "chimney-sweepers" he says the church has failed to help the needy. Then the poet brings the woes of the soldiers who have no option but fight for the country and sacrifice them. Then there is sudden turn when poet brings out the fact that youth's mistake gives birth to illegitimate child who are abandoned by the society. The Lamb: Let us consider the various quotes: 1) Does thou know who made thee: There is general feeling in the society that "I' am" the creator of everything. Humans not only have the feeling of being creator of materialistic things but also of the natural things like the plants, the animals and even the human beings. This is what the poet wants to make the lamb aware of, as to who has made him and indirectly he also wants the humans to know who actually their real creator is. The lamb here is innocent animal that is unaware of the worldly facts. Similarly the humans are also considered by the poet to be innocent creatures who are unaware of the same facts. Now just as the good teacher would teach his pupil with full love and compassion similarly by giving the metaphor of the lamb the poet wants to teach the humans, as to who is their creator, creator of the world. All the fights that occur are due to the egos and the misunderstandings of "me" and "mine." He knows that when the humans will know who the real creator is their egos will dissolve and love amongst them will prevail. That's why the poet asks th e lamb "who made thee" so as to make aware the lamb and indirectly people to know who actually is the real creator. 2) Gave thee such tender voice: The little lamb has a soft tender voice. Now this innocent lamb may develop the feeling that it is his own or he may feel that he himself has made it and was supposed to use it only for the personal purposes. The poet wants to again make him aware that

Meaning of life - Soul Essay Example for Free

Meaning of life Soul Essay Personhood Chart This chart contains a grid for different philosophical anthropologies that answer the question of personhood. Complete the following chart in the context of defining what it means to be human according to Christianity, Materialism, and your own Personal View. Refer to the assigned reading for explanation of characteristics listed on the left. Christianity Materialism Personal View Relational God created human beings to live in community. When people lose that sense of love and belonging, they lose their meaning and purpose in life. God created family and the neighbor to be provide the human with the relationship needed for hope and healing. In order to carry out production and exchange, people have to enter into very definite social relations, most fundamentally production relations. Relationships with others should be based off of the materials in which they can provide you with the benefit a person the most. I believe everyone steps into our lives for one reason or another- either good or bad and we need to be the ones to differentiate between the two. Each relationship provides us with a sense of love and understanding on the purpose of our life. Multidimensional There is a vibrant sense of the person in relationship to God and the world through the bodily senses and functions. The body, soul, mind, spirit and even the various body parts are expressions of the wholeness that is the human self. Humans are material objects. They are not immaterial things, or objects, or substances; neither do they contain as parts immaterial selves or souls or entelechies. Their parts are material: flesh and bones and blood, molecules, atoms, electrons. A human is more than a corpse. We are multidimensional and each dimension is important in who we are and how we act in society. Â © 2015. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Sexual Jesus showed us that we are sexual beings. Sexuality encompasses the physical, emotional and spiritual aspects of our being. Man and women are supposed to stay faithful to each other and not commit adultery. It is believed to be a physical act between two individuals that creates energy and may result in the creation of a child through scientific means. Sexual behavior affects not only a person’s physical health but also self- image, interpersonal relationships and relationship with God and others. Moral We should choose to act based on good thinking, Scripture and prayer, and the Holy Spirit helps us discern the right alternatives. God knows our intentions are to please him and desire the best moral outcomes for all. The brain and body are a dynamic system interacting with the environment. There is no non- physical entity which could take credit or blame for the outcome of our actions. We learn our morals through trial and error as well as through the relationships we have with others. If we surround ourselves with ethically individuals we too with be ethical. Mortal We are mortals, but God has given us eternal life in Jesus Christ. We die, and yet we live. Poor stewardship of the life God has given us may well exacerbate the death and decay that surround us In order for human beings to survive and continue existence from generation to generation, it is necessary for them to produce and reproduce the material requirements of life Mortality is unavoidable yet difficult. Once someone dies their soul will either go to Heaven or to Hell. Destined for Eternal Life Destined for eternal life: Eternal life is the life one lives after death. By death the soul is separated from the body, but in the resurrection God will give incorruptible life to our body, transformed by reunion with our soul There is no such thing as eternal life. Life begins when the heart starts beating and ends with the heart stops beating. I believe that those who believe will live an eternal life and that those who do not will not. 2 References Plantinga, Alvin. (2010) Materialism and Christian Belief. Retrieved from http://www. andrewmbailey. com/ap/Materialism_Christian_Belief. pdf Shelly, J. , Miller, A. (2006). Called to care: A Christian worldview for nursing (2nd ed. ). Downers Grove, Ill. : IVP Academic/Intervarsity Press.

Is It Possible to Reconstruct a State?

Is It Possible to Reconstruct a State? Definitions: According to Max Weber, â€Å"State is an entity which possesses a delegatable monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory.† (Warner, 1991) When a state looses its monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force or looses its capacity to perform even the most basic functions within its territory, it comes under the category of failed/ dysfunctional states. Most of the times reasons for failure of a state are civil war, international conflict, corrpution, lack of resources etc. De jure state[1] State which exist by a fiat of the international community, which recognizes them as soveregin entities whether or not they have a government capable of effectively controlling or administering the territory. Example- Somalia De facto state- State which receives no international recognition and has weak institutions, but where power is exercised and enforced within its territory. Examples- Kurdistan, Puntland, Somaliland De facto de jure state- State which enjoys international recognition and excercises control over people and territory through formal and strong, preferably democratic instritutions. This is the modern state in all its legal- rational Weberian splendour. In other words, this is the model the international community tries to replicate in dysfunctional states. Reconstruction:- is a process of recreation of an entity by the intrnal or external forces. Externally-led-reconstruction Where International actors intervene into a state and try to reconstrct. This model demands transtition from dysfunctional de jure state to the Weberian de facto state. Examples- Iraq, Afghanistan, Somalia etc. Internally-led-reconstruction- Where domestic actors inside a state try to bring change. A transition from dysfunctional de jure state to a de facto state that slowly develops institutions, though not necessarily democratic ones. Examples- Mozambique, Kurdistan etc. Historically failed states simply used to disappear, divided up or conquered by a more powerful neighbour but today’s conventional wisdom has it that collapsed states must be reconstructed immediately and comprehensively along the lines of democratic countries with free market economies, thanks to the intervention by international community.[2] International community has assumed that it is both possible and essential for all the dysfunctional state to be reconstructed within their old borders but this assumption is very recent one. In the 1990s intervention by international community in a dysfunctional state invariably entailed the organizing of multi-party elections within the shortest possible time. For example. The Lusaka agreement of 1999 required the warring parties of DRC[3] to engage in ‘national dialogue’ to reach agreement on a new democratic political syatem and to hold elections. The December 2001, Bonn agreement called for holding of a loya Jirga[4] in Afghanisatn to reach agreement on a new democratic political system, to be followed by elections. Historically, attempts to reconstruct a state can be categorized in two ways- Externally-led-reconstruction:- Donor approach[5] of reconstruction includes setting up of new democratic institutions, re-writing constitutions, new election laws, creating civil society organization, liberalization of the economy etc. Most of the times these organizations do not turn out to be significant and established-hence institutions because most of the time they do not provide solution to the real problems on the ground. But donors, however, think of institution building, less in terms of finding solutions to what local actors preceive to be problems, and more in terms of transpalnting â€Å"best practices† that have been successful elsewehere. In the end, this approach of international community makes difficult for organizations to become institutions because they do not solve the real time problems. International community also wants institutions to come into function within a short span of time which is impossible. Internally-led-reconstruction:- The domestic actors that reconstruct states are miliatry men and politicians, who are more prone to act than to write, meaning by creation of constitution and institutions (liked by international community) is usually not their first priority. Majority of the internally led reconstuction of states come from Africa. For example in Uganda, Eritrea, Ethiopia, first step towards reconstruction was military victory. Since there were no other means at the disposal of domestic actors to generate the authority needed to govern a state, the only path was recourse to the raw power generated by superior force. Once they had generated legitimacy through force, they tried to transfrom that raw power into authority by regularizing institutions and processes of governemnt. This led to the reconstruction of the state, but not to the emergence of democratic states. Major components, free choice and popular participation were missing. Thus International community doesnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t like this approach. Criticism of Externally-led-reconstruction- Best practices do not solve real problems. For example, in Afghanistan retributional justice, against the wishes of President Karzai, was adopted against Taliban which became reason for Taliban to re-emerge. But if we look at the South African trasition from Aprtiheid regime, it was very smooth because they practiced what suited South Africa’s future the best. Donor supported institution building put an unbearable burdan on fragile states and in the end becomes self-defeating. For example , the strength of Afghan Army is 3,75,000. Annual budget of the Army and the annual income of the state are similar. Therefore, if there is no international committment then how will Afghan state fund the salaries of soldiers and what is their use if Taliban can come to negotiating terms. In most of the attempts of reconstruction, so-called institution building is not part of a sustained, open ended intrnational commitment to remain involved until the process is completed, but rather part of an exit strategy. Donors wants organizations in place so that they can go home but to my understanding that is a self-defeating strategy. Criticism of Internally-led-reconsturction- The actors wants to create a de facto state but usually they don’t have resources Even if they have the capacity to reconstruct the de facto state, they are likely to be reluctant to curb their newly acquired power and move from dictatorship or raw power to institutionalized politics and rule of law. In both types of state reconstruction, a major challenge lies in moving from â€Å"order imposed through power to the institutions† because institutions help in regularising authority in the long run. In internal reconstruction processes, second phase of state reconstruction[6] often fails to take place, because those who have consolidated power have little incentive to limit its exercise by developing institutions. In donor-directed processes, the international community rushes to develop institutions, but tends to withdraw the power that buttresses them far too soon, leading to failure. Some prescriptions to reconstruct a state:- When we think about the term reconstruction, we should give enough attention towards the possible outcome and resources at our disposal. Above all we need to know the short term and long term goals. Sometimes states are in need of means of survival but we are busy in creating democratic institutions and implementing best practices of governance for them. Thus we need to create and promote institutions according to the relevance and need of the hour but at the same time keeping in mind the long term goals. We need to recognize the potential candidates of statehood. For an example, Kurdistan Regional Government is a de facto state but it does not have international recognition. We are afraid of accepting the nationhood for Kurdistan. The same goes for Somaliland or Puntland. International community need to give heed to the de facto states. We need to know that institution building is a slow process and one size does not fit all- hence one type of system cannot fulfil the needs of every state. Every place is different on the earth and people have different approaches to the life. Thus we shouldn’t impose so-called â€Å"best practices† of governance in every corner of the world. Above all we shouldn’t create those institutions which can put unbearable burden on fragile states and become self defeating. For example- strong military apparatus in Afghanistan. If any state believes in the implementation of the â€Å"best practices† then that donor should set modest targets and should have long term commitment. We shouldn’t’ expect too much too soon. As saying goes, It takes 18 years for an infant to turn into an adult then how we can expect an institution to be functional within few years. Conclusion Reconstruction of states is a very difficult process. In 21st century, international community believes that there can not exist any failed states in the world and if there is any then we need to reconstruct it. But a lot of lessons needs to be learnt before we take up new assignments of reconstruction. Neither extrnal led, nor internal led approaches of reconstruction are perfect but with some improvements they can yield descent outcomes. International community always seems to be in hurry to build institutions but it requires a very long term commitment for organizations to turn into established institutions. Sometimes there is severe imbalance between the goals set by international community and the resources donors are willing to commit to attain the goals. It is possible to reconsturct a state if whatever organizations we set up, help in solving real probelms on the ground and thus become long lasting instutions. But if we just delpoy best practices without giving heed to the possible outcomes, it can lead to failure. Internally led reconstruction can also yield positive results if international community can provide long term commitment in building institutions. At the same time international community should bring de facto states into de jure states but there are always no easy choices to make. Bibliography:- Jackson, R. (1990) Quasi-states: Sovereignty, International Relations and the Third World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Daniel Warner (1991) An ethic of responsibility in International Relations. Lynne Rienner Publishers Chang, H. (2000) `Institutional Development in Developing Countries in a Historical Perspective: Lessons from Developed Countries in Earlier Times. Forman, S. and S. Patrick (2000) Good Intentions: Pledges of Aid for Post-Conflict Recovery. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers. Guiding Principles for Stabilization and Reconstruction (2009), United States Institute of Peace Press, Washington DC Marina Ottaway (2003), Rebuilding State Institutions in Collapsed States, EBSCO publishing house. Call Charles T. (2008). â€Å"Building States to Build Peace? A critical analysis†. Journal of Peacebuilding and Development Vol.4 n.2 p.60. De Weijer, F. (2013). ‘A Capable State in Afghanistan: A Building without a Foundation?’ WIDER Working Paper No. 2013/063. Helsinki: UNU-WIDER. [1] Definitions of de jure and de facto states have been borrowed from the work of Robert R Jackson. [2] International Community- in this paper this word means â€Å"the conglomerate of industrialized democracies and the multilateral agencies over which industrialized countries have preponderant influence.† [3] DRC- Democratic Republic of Congo [4] Loya Jirga- is a special type of grand assembly that is mainly organized to choose a new head of state in case of sudden death, to adopt new constitution or to settle serious issues such as war etc. [5] Donors- International community including international organizations [6] Second phase of reconstruction in internally led reconstruction is to transform raw power into authority by establishing institutions.

HIV Treatments and Reducing Drug Resistance Essay -- Biology Medical B

HIV Treatments and Reducing Drug Resistance Abstract HIV is a retrovirus that will constantly attack human’s immune system once an individual is infected and will eventually develop to AIDS, often a deadly sexually transmitted disease. Currently, there are different kinds of antiretroviral treatments available for patients who are tested to be HIV positive as well as patients with AIDS. HIV can easily develop resistance to its treatment through mutation each generation, which leads to ineffectiveness in treatment. The only way to continue to fight off HIV is to change treatment that is still available. Patients have to cooperate with experienced doctors by adhering to their professional recommendations, while doctors are responsible for closely monitoring the patient’s conditions through test results and their body’s response to treatment, as well as helping them to live healthily without serious damage to their immune system over a long period of time. Human Immunodeficiency Virus, commonly known as HIV, is the retrovirus that causes a desperate worldwide epidemic that afflicts human beings – Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, abbreviated as AIDS. When the body is infected with HIV, the immune system will respond by making antibodies to fight against this particular infection (AIDS.org, 2003). As a result, to determine whether a person is infected, a sample of blood is extracted and the test will look for antibodies fighting against HIV. This kind of blood test is known as HIV testing. Even though HIV is the actual cause of AIDS, a person who is positive in the HIV Testing does not necessarily mean that the person has AIDS (AIDS.org, 2004). When a person is infected with HIV, the virus will gradually damage the immune sys... ...s.org/factSheets/102-HIV-Testing/html AIDS.Org. (2004, August). Immune Restoration Overview. Information Fact Sheets. July 17, 2005: www.aids.org/factSheets/470-Immune-Restoration-Overview.html AIDS.Org. (2004, September). Opportunistic Infections. Information Fact Sheets. July 17, 2005: www.aids.org/factSheets/500-Opportunistic-Infections.html AIDS.Org. (2004, March). Viral Load Tests. Information Fact Sheets. July 17, 2005: www.aids.org/factSheets/125-Viral-Load-Tests.html AIDS.Org. (2003, November). What is AIDS?. Information Fact Sheets. July 17, 2005: www.aids.org/factSheets/101-What-is-AIDS.html Avert.Org. (2005, July). Continuing Antiretroviral Treatment. Continuing HIV Treatment. July 21, 2005: www.avert.org/couttrt.htm The Body. (2003, April). Living with HIV/AIDS. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. July 17, 2005: www.thebody.com/cdc/living.html

Certificate in Assessing Vocational Achievement Essay

Certificate in Assessing Vocational Achievement Assignment 3 Understanding the legal and good practice requirements in relation to assessments It is imperative for all assessors to have an in depth understanding of the legal and good practice requirements in relation to assessment. Furthermore, the Awarding Body have their own stipulations regarding assessment. These include; educational centres must ensure that they employ assessors that are suitably qualified and meet the occupational competency requirements of the sector assessment strategy and ensure that the assessment process is robust. Assessment carried out by an unqualified assessor must be countersigned by a qualified assessor who is occupationally competent. The assessment process should be informed by best practice and the latest NOS for Learning & Development. Centre assessors are responsible and accountable for: a) Â  managing the assessment system, assessment planning, making and recording assessment decisions b) Â  assessing evidence of learner competence against NOS and the requirements of the assessment criteria in the qualification c) Â  ensuring that learners’ evidence is valid, authentic and sufficient ) Â  maintaining accurate and verifiable learner assessment and achievement records. The assessment process should support learners towards the achievement of their qualification aim, whilst ensuring that the requirements of the NOS for assessment and the sector are met. Part of the role of the assessor is to raise the quality of assessment through: a) engaging learners at an early stage in t he assessment process b) Â  effective and efficient assessment of naturally occurring activity c) Â  holistic assessment to maximise assessment opportunities ) Â  using interim assessment to provide advice and support at an early opportunity e) Â  encouraging access through using the range of assessment methods f) Â  using technology to reduce the assessment and administrative burden Assessors should always be aware that assessment needs to be fair, consistent and transparent, with all students having the opportunity of attaining the assessment criteria. All learners should be treated as individuals to ensure that no learner is discriminated (directly or indirectly) against and to uphold a ‘fair playing field’ in respect that no learner has any advantage over another. In order to ensure this happens the assessor has a legal and moral obligation to share the same information to all learners, along with appropriate support and development of all learners in order for them to complete assessment tasks. Therefore, one additional aspect of assessment is an appeals procedure for candidates not happy with results. Assessment within NVQ is ongoing with the candidate fully participating in the assessment process, e. g. through assessment planning and reviews of performance. If this participation is taken seriously then it must be accepted that there will be times when the candidates and assessors perceptions, of whether agreed evidence (agreed during assessment planning/review stages) meets the standards, are going to be different. If this occurs, the candidate should have the right to appeal via an accessible and open system. The characteristics of our appeals structure related to NVQ will include: Access to fair and reliable assessment Clear and prompt response times Stages that provide all parties with the opportunity to put their case Clear outcomes Constructive feedback Be related to the Candidates assessment records A formal recording system Evaluation of appeals Response times to appeals will be measured in days rather than in months or years and not be so bureaucratic as effectively to nullify the purpose of having such a system. From a legal standpoint it is an Assessors remit to enforce strict guidelines with regards to the difference between guiding and supplying the learners with answers for assessment tasks. Legally, assessors cannot give assessment answers or condone learners copying each others learning and assessment material. As an NVQ Assessor I am aware of the duty of care encompassing the legislation and code of practice regarding the following: Health and Safety Act of 1974 Equal opportunities Act of 1974 Data protection act of 1998 Disability discrimination Risk Assessment Lone working The Health and Safety Act 1974 (HASAWA) places certain responsibilities on the employer, or in this case, the Assessor. The Assessor has to provide a safe working environment, provide information on health and safety, such as emergency exits and fire assembly points, and also undertake risk assessment of all hazards in the working/assessment environment. However, risk assessments are primarily the responsibility of the owner or manager of the facility. Moreover, all staff must be CRB checked in order to confirm that there is no risk whatsoever to the learner, in line with the Child Protection Act of 1984. Equal opportunity Act of 1974 also needs to be implemented, as was alluded to in the above paragraph, by adopting an inclusion policy and understanding that each learner will have specific and unique needs and that it is the job of the Assessor to differentiate tasks and lessons to meet these individual needs. For example, in my NVQ class I had a variety of needs from, learners with dyslexia, partial sighted and also with speech impediments. Therefore I made sure that I always used a variety of tools in which to teach and assess, such as, reading material in larger print, visual aids on the projector which explained what I was teaching and also electronic recording equipment (video and dictaphone) as another option for learners to utilise in learning and assessment. However, due care needs to be taken and strict adhesion to the Data Protection Act of 1998 in order for any material not to fall into the wrong hands. In terms of confidentiality regarding assessment all exams papers and any other marking material must not be shared with the learners before assessment in accordance with Award Body regulations. Assessment guidelines and assessment criteria can be shared as long as it is not providing answers that can be used by learners. This can be done by formulating individual action plans with learners, to highlight how learners can improve. Furthermore, all completed assessments must be located securely as to ensure no students can acquire papers or material and duplicate answers. In the case of my NVQ group all assessment material was locked away in head office and was only accessible to me and senior management. Senior management would have the final say if ever an event occurred in which a learners welfare was at risk and then safeguarding the learners welfare becomes the higher priority (Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act, 2006) The welfare of learners, whether that be my NVQ learners, school pupils or any other individuals in the community, is paramount and also a legal requirement. In the community that we serve there are many vulnerable individuals who’s safety can be at risk without any obvious signs, and also individuals with many kinds of underlying medical conditions which need to be considered by the assessor. During the first week of my NVQ class we had a ‘Protecting child welfare’ course in which we were taught how to identify warning signs of; abuse, depression and other mental health issues. Therefore, it is always of paramount importance that as an assessor you are vigilant and aware of all your learners behaviours at all times and if need be intervene and assess steps that may need to be taken. As far as the physical health related issues are concerned, we (NVQ class) used confidential pro-forma’s to identify any issues of individuals so that we could be prepared and have any relevant equipment close at hand and maybe also adapt sessions accordingly with respect to individual needs. Health questionnaires are in the award body regulations and can be found in the Health Related activity book. Technology can vastly improve the assessment process as it makes it a more dynamic process in which all learners have an opportunity to show their true understanding of the subject matter covered and their particular skill set. I also believe that it interlinks with fair assessment as no learner is at a disadvantage due to the fact they cant show their understanding in one medium. Therefore everybody has the same opportunity to display their knowledge. For example, a learner may have a great understanding of subject matter, yet may not be able to put their understanding down in words. Therefore, if they could be video recorded displaying their knowledge practically (with written consent from themselves or carers if pre 16 years of age) or audio recorded giving answers to questions they could be graded accurately and attain the optimum level of achievement. Another great advantage to the integration of technology is that it is relatively simple and easy to use, sometimes even more straight forward than traditional assessment, and brings a new exciting dimension to learning which in turn can inspire and motivate learners to achieve more. Some great wall displays have been produced and a good database full of information due to the integration of technology in class and assessment. Furthermore, greater feedback can be given as learners can see themselves in real time on video instead of trying to decipher pages of feedback. They can see exactly where they need to improve and develop in a very clear and concise manner. Another main area of concern regarding the principles and practices of assessment is equality and diversity (Equality Act, 2010). There are many issues which need to be taken into consideration regarding assessment with respect to equality and diversity. Individual needs, beliefs and cultures need to be respected and treated with the appropriate sensitivity. For example, in my NVQ class I had learner ‘O’. Learner O was of Muslim faith and was celebrating the festival of Eid, which requires followers to fast for a large part of the day for a month. During this month all learners were scheduled to perform their practical sessions and take part in other sessions. However, it would not have been ethical to expect learner O to take part in these sessions as he would be depleted of energy and could be at risk of negatively effecting his health. Therefore, special dispensation was afforded to learner O to take part in these sessions the following month. Furthermore, I was aware that concentration may decrease during this month. Other areas which need to be considered from equality and diversity prospective are; gender, race, sexual orientation and age (Disability and Equality Act, 2010). These factors give rise to a number of individual needs. Assessment needs to be age specific and be compared to relevant performance criteria, along with being written in age appropriate language as to not confuse or patronise learners. Moreover, topics covered need to ensure that no offense will be incurred by any party with regards to the above categories. For example I would not start a debate regarding the idea of male dominance in sport or peoples view of homosexuality. Another aspect of diversity in the assessment process may be a language barrier, especially in the case of my NVQ class who were predominantly from an ethnic background. There are ways to overcome such barriers. The use of an interpreter could be used for assessment (a dialogue being recorded and sent off) with the aid of assessment material converted into the required language. If one thing is abundantly clear in the nature of assessment, it is the need for individuals to constantly develop. Nobody has ever learned enough and there is always room for improvement. Therefore, this goes for the assessor themselves. It is imperative that assessors constantly monitor their own progress with self assessment, peer review, learner feedback and continued development of CPD’s. The act of reflective practice is the driving force that spearheads future development and evolves the assessment process by ascertaining what aspects work best, when, how and why. Furthermore, sharing this reflective practice with other assessors fosters an environment and situations which aid the effective use of assessment and help reach the goal of accurately and fairly assessing learner knowledge along with realising potential. Without reflective practice the assessor risks walking blindly down a ‘dark alley’ of assessment where they fail themselves, but more importantly fail the learner, which is wholly unacceptable. Effective planning also aids the reflective process, as you can see the amount of work covered and the result of certain class dynamics, i. e. group work, group size etc. This gives you a great visual format in which to adapt your future plans in order to maintain optimum, effective performance in sessions and assessment. Assessment will always carry some for of risk at some level. Perhaps one of the greatest risks posed in my NVQ group was the risk of injury and participant health & safety whilst taking part in a variety of sports. The best way to protect against the risks are to have effective planning in place with all relevant risk assessment completed, checking pitches for broken glass, making sure goals are anchored and equipment checks, along with alternative provisions incase your first plan of action cannot go ahead. Moreover, another challenge is not discriminating against any learners. This could involve taking all learning types into consideration to ensure that all learners understand what they have to carry out through agreement on the assessment action plan that the learner signs, so effective communication is extremely important, which means the assessor listening as giving input. Furthermore, clear guidelines on discipline are needed in order to prevent any hazards occurring and also to foster a safe, productive learning environment.

To what extent was Arthur Balfour responsible for Conservative decline Essays

To what extent was Arthur Balfour responsible for Conservative decline Essays To what extent was Arthur Balfour responsible for Conservative decline Essay To what extent was Arthur Balfour responsible for Conservative decline Essay The 1906 election was a major turning point in the political climate of Edwardian Britain. The loss of this election heralded a period of Conservative decline and Liberal ascendancy. Many historians blame Arthur Balfour, nephew to Lord Salisbury, for the landslide loss for the Conservatives in the 1906 general election. Whether it was the policies he implemented, the political machinations of the Liberals and the newly formed Labour Party or simply a demand for a change in political policy, the 1906 election was a crucial point in the political history of Britain. Balfour was the essence of a true Edwardian politician. He was a good administrator and an excellent debater, a skill he used frequently in the House of Commons. Balfour was brought up close to politics and government as a result of his being nephew to Lord Salisbury esteemed conservative party leader; said by Atlee to be the best Prime Minister of his lifetime. This upbringing was to greatly help him in later life. Balfour aimed to maintain Conservative unity at a time when policy choices greatly divided the party. His clear mind and awareness of Britains new diplomatic and political position in the world was to later help him as Prime Minister. However, his cold detached manner made him unpopular with the voters, and was seen by many to be aloof and uncaring. This is shown by Blake, Balfour, however had his blind spots, and their effects on the electoral fortunes of the party were considerable. The Taff Vale Case 1901, highlighted to many Balfours aloof and uncaring nature with regard to the lower classes. In the Taff Vale case, Balfours position of leaving it to the courts made him highly unpopular with the lower classes who saw him to be siding with the upper classes. This allowed the Liberals to make use of the resentment against the Conservatives, and gather support for the next election. His non-intervention also alienated him from the trade unions and the lower classes, thus decreasing Conservative support. The Education Act 1902 was one of Balfours major blunders. Although his intentions were good, as he wanted to provide everyone with a better education, he managed to infuriate the Non-conformists and thus increased Liberal support and unity. However although the Act did do this it provided a better more efficient secondary schooling system. In this way, the act was a success. Yet, the success of Balfours education system was shadowed by the infuriated Non-conformists who were outraged at having to pay for Anglican and Catholic schools. This act was a major political turning point for the Tories and should have shown Balfour that he must be more aware of the concerns of the lower classes: after this act, they lost two constituencies in quick succession, whereas previously they won 9 out of 10 by-elections. The Licensing Act 1904 was another act, which offended the Non-Conformists and increased their unity under the Liberals. The ending of the diplomatic isolation of Britain was to be one of Balfours most important legacies, as it enabled Britain to begin to focus on Europe the new diplomatic theatre for power the days of the colonies were over. The alliances with Japan (1902) and France (1904) helped Britain become more prepared for the ravages of World War 1. Balfours reorganisation of both the army and navy also helped to prepare Britain for WWI. However, these achievements would only be fully appreciated after WWI, as the voters were not particularly bothered about military reforms whilst the empire was at peace. These actions did not speed up Conservative Decline, but nor did they reduce it, and so were not greatly advantageous to the Conservatives. Balfours approval of Milners request for Chinese labour in South Africa was a disastrous decision, which cost the Conservatives a large number of votes. There were three main reactions to this approval that cost the Conservatives votes: first were humanitarian concerns. Many members of the public were unhappy about the conditions the Chinese workers were being forced to work and live in. The second reaction was one of discontent at the emigration route to South Africa being closed. This meant that many unemployed workers were now unable to emigrate to South Africa for work because the demand for labour had been filled by Chinese immigrants. The third reaction was from the trade unions. They believed that if the government could import cheap labour in one of its colonies, then they could do it here in Britain. This outraged them and made them firmly oppose the Conservatives, thus increasing support for the Liberals the only real alternative to the Tories. Tariff reform also united the lower classes against the Conservatives as the Liberals raised the old cry of tax on food! this was one of the few things that could make the lower classes staunch opponents of the Conservatives. However, Balfour was opposed to this reform, and made it clear to Joseph Chamberlain that it would be a grave mistake to introduce it. Yet, as party leader, he did nothing by way of overruling him. This was a grave mistake and increased Liberal support. The Lib-Lab Pact 1903 unified the anti-conservative vote and ensured that more constituencies voted into power either Liberal MPs or Labour MPs. This secret pact ensured that less Conservatives were voted into power thus reducing their chances of winning the election of 1906. To conclude, I believe that Arthur Balfour was one of the reasons for Conservative decline and the loss of the 1906 election. However, I do not believe that it was solely his fault, as rebellious members of his cabinet put forward reforms that he disapproved of and thus alienated their party from the mass voters. This will have increased the speed at which the conservatives were falling into decline. Although this is true, I think that the political machinations of the Liberals also played a hand in the downfall of the Conservatives. In addition, I believe that the tides of change were already acting upon the fortunes of the Conservative party, and that it was merely a question of when they would be voted out of power.

Strategic Analysis (SWOT, PESTEL and Porter) of Barclays Group Plc The WritePass Journal

Strategic Analysis (SWOT, PESTEL and Porter) of Barclays Group Plc Introduction Strategic Analysis (SWOT, PESTEL and Porter) of Barclays Group Plc Introduction1.  Background1.1  Objectives2. Analysis of the Market Environment2.1 External Analysis2.1.1 Macro-environment2.1.1.1 Cultural and Social2.1.1.2     Ã‚  Political and Legal2.1.1.3  Ã‚   Economic2.1.1.4  Ã‚   Technological2.1.3 Competition Analysis2.2  Ã‚  Internal Analysis2.2.1  Ã‚   Performance2.2.2   Management and Staff2.2.3   Infrastructure and Delivery3.  SWOT Analysis3.1 Strengths:3.2 Weaknesses3.3 Opportunities3.4 Threats4. Customer Analysis4.1 Markets4.2   Market Segmentation4.3 Market Targeting4.4 Market Positioning4.5   Branding5.  Marketing Strategies5.1 Mission5.2  Marketing and Financial objectives5.2.1   Supply strategies 5.2.2 Demand Strategies5.2.3 Positioning strategies5.2.4 Competitors Strategies5.3 Marketing Mix Strategies5.3.1 Product5.3.2 Price5.3.3 Place5.3.4 Promotion   5.3.5 Personnel and Services6. Channel analysis7. Implementation and Control8. Financial Forecast9. Contingency plansRelated Introduction 1.  Background Barclays group PLC is a big global financial services provider operating in Europe, the Americas, Australia, Asia, the Middle East and Africa. It is engaged in retail banking, credit cards, corporate banking, investment banking, and wealth management. It made up of   two clusters such as; Global Retail Banking, Corporate and Investment Banking, Wealth Management, each of which has a number of business units. And the group centre, which comprises all Barclays essential support. The group operates through its subsidiary Barclays Bank PLC, with its 300 years of historical existence, the group operates in over 50 countries and employs 147,500 people and has a merger with Absa group in South Africa. The group business model emphasizes on its practice of integrated global banking strategy being the best model to serve its customers and clients as well as optimising risk adjusted returns for its shareholders. Thus, the group moves, lends, invest and protects money for more than 38 million customers and clients worldwide. It is the third largest bank in the world in terms of assets and the one of the largest financial services provider in the world with a core tier one ratio of 11 per cent. It is the third largest bank in the United Kingdom based on market capitalization. The banks headquarter is at One Churchill Place in Canary Wharf, in London, England United Kingdom, having moved there in May 2005 from Lombard Street in the City of London. 1.1  Objectives   Staying close and offering the best solutions to customers and clients while managing their risks. Build a bank that is diversified and balanced by geography and business line, by customers and by funding sources. Operate profitability throughout the crisis, offering security as well as stability to the financial system as a whole.   Ensures to retain financial discipline required to deliver returns. Progressively maintaining a solid capital base Improving returns and delivery selective income growth Demonstrating its credentials as a global citizen. To achieve these objectives, the plan entails analysis of the market environments of the bank and identified strategies designed to bring success. Then follow by the implantation and control mechanisms aimed at ensuring that the desired results are achieved.   www.barclays.com 2. Analysis of the Market Environment 2.1 External Analysis This analysis focus on the macro-environment, the market and the competitors of bank,   to identify its opportunities and threats. According to Porter (1985), PESTLC analysis ensures that the performance of the company is aligned positively with the powerful forces of change that are affecting business macro-environment. Hence, it groups environmental influences such as political, economic, social, technological, legal and cultural forces impact on the bank. The United Kingdom (UK) population which currently stands at approximately 70million, with a slide increase in immigration, independency and dependency ratios. A shift in population always affects economic growth, thus affect the bank. Increased in UK employment rate of 70.6 per cent, about 25.3million households, and a consistent downward strength of divorce and dissolution (of about 121,700 to 113,900), influences the bank’s performance. This increase brings about economic competitiveness and high circulation of money, thus fuelling the economic growth of the country. UK is a multicultural society which entails co-existence of different communities defined by their race, ethnicity or faith. So sociocultural environment is diverse and dynamic, which implies the bank need to stay in touch with the social and cultural shifts. The science, engineering and technological and entrepreneurial cultures makes UK economical successful, thus, impacting a positive change on the bank’s performance. http//www.statistics.gov.uk, www.ons.gov.uk and www.oup.com/uk 2.1.1 Macro-environment 2.1.1.1 Cultural and Social 2.1.1.2     Ã‚  Political and Legal Obligation to banks to give political donation as part of their democracy support to the major South African parties.   The political stability in UK, Europe, United States, Asian (India) and southern part of Africa, influences the group’s growth. The new Basel rules on bank capital which requires all banks to hold top quality core tier one capital equal to 10 per cent of their assets, adjusted for risk. (19:09/ financial times/6th June 2011). The Project Merlin Agreement which states that UK’s biggest banks are committed to lending more money in 2011, especially to small businesses, to pay less in bonuses than they did last year and to be more transparent about their pay packages.(15:42,BBC Business News,9 February 2011). Plan to increase bank levy to 2.5billions pounds this year-raising an extra of 800million pounds, will be a threat on Barclays bank PLC.(18:04,BBC Business News,8 February 2011).   Ã‚  Recovery of national recessionary period and increased in employment rate. bbc.co.uk/news/business/13758784. 2.1.1.3  Ã‚   Economic Increase in UK gross domestic product by 0.5percent. Inflation is steadily held at Consumer Prices Index (CPI) at 4.5 per cent and Retail Prices Index (RPI) at 5.2 per cent in May 2011. UK retails sales fall to 1.4 per cent in May and interest rates have been kept at the record low of 0.5 per cent again this year, by the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee. UK unemployment fell 88,000 in the three months to April this year to 2.43 million, the biggest drop since the summer of 2000. The value of the average home in UK, rose by 0.1% from April to May in 2011 to  £160,519, but prices were 4.2% lower than the same period a year ago the biggest annual drop since October 2009. The European Central Bank signaled rise in Eurozone interest rate in July 2011, from 1.25 per cent. Inflation in the Eurozone was 2.7% in May. The euro fell per cent to 1.44880 dollars against the US dollar in the first quarter 2011.   High inflation in China and India in 2011 while Japan is in recession. Increase loan rates and consumer prices in Korea. Middle East and North Africa unrest is affecting the Dubai-based Dnata, emirates aviation industry. Import costs in developing countries rising by up to 30 per cent as a result of high oil prices and shortfalls in production due to bad weather have contributed to higher food prices. Jersey tax information exchange agreements with 17 of the G20 countries. bbc.co.uk/news/business-13758784 2.1.1.4  Ã‚   Technological New telecommunication systems, including fibre optic telecommunication and Internet to facilitate mobile banking and online banking. The global launch of the next generation financial kiosks such as NCR SelfServ 4 which is a cashless kiosk, ideal for non-cash transactions such as appointment check-in and account services and SelfServ 8 features cash-deposit capability suitable for bill payments, equipped with touchscreen technology, the machines are loaded with NCR APTRA software applications that are PCI and EMV compliant. New technology such as Mix-and-Match software for 3D digital signage and kiosks SWIFT code to facilitate the international payment system in banks. ATMs are currently in operation at all the local commercial banks. Global increase in computer literacy and easy access to computer More half of the global population is computer literate and has access to internet services. http://selfserviceworld.com/research and bnet.com/library 2.1.3 Competition Analysis The group’s major competitors are HSBC bank, Bank of America, BBVA, BNP Paribas bank, Credit Suisse, Deutsche Bank, JP Morgan, Morgan Stanley, RBS, Lloyds TSB bank, Santander bank, NatWest bank, Socià ©tà © Gà ©nà ©rale and UniCredit. HSBC Bank Strengths: HSBC holdings is the first top bank in the world with the largest profit in the first quarter of 2011(4,153 billions dollars). The bank has a strong trust and credibility in emerging markets such as China, putting it in a good position to enjoy large economies of scale in their fast growing economy. The bank’s good online saving account offers competitive rates with no monthly fees or minimum balance requirements, opened as little as with one dollar and money is FDIC insured to the maximum permitted by law. Weaknesses: HSBC decision to reduce its long- term return on equity target to 12-15 percent from 15-20 percent, leaves its investors disgruntled.   Insufficient trained staffs, thus less customer driven. Insufficient personalisation of HSBC’s brands due to its branding emphasises on its global presence. Decreased in production and loyalty from its staffs due to redundancy programme. http://managementoday.co.uk/news, bbc.co.uk/news/business and   http:/www.hsbc.com 2.2  Ã‚  Internal Analysis The internal analysis focused on the bank’s performance and its internal environmental factors such as its management, staff and infrastructures, in order to identify its strengths and weaknesses. 2.2.1  Ã‚   Performance From Barclays annual report 2011(www.barclays.co.uk), the Barclays group PLC has more solid positions on capital with 11 per cent core tier one ratio (10.8 per cent Q4 2010), and a liquidity pool of 161 billion pounds than they started last year. While group’s adjusted gross leverage is maintained at 20 times and impairment is down 39 per cent considerably, giving the group’s first quarter (Q1) 2011, a loan loss rate of 76bps (Q1 2010:112bps). See Appendix. Adjusted profit before tax of the group, excluding own credit and gains on acquisitions and disposals this year, up to 10 per cent to 2,004 millions pounds (8 per cent in 2010). Excluding own credit, return on equity increased to 10.1 per cent (9.3 per cent Q4 2010), return on tangible equity increased to 12.1 per cent (11.4 per cent Q4 2010), and return on risk weighted assets increased to 1.5 per cent from 1.4 per cent in Q4 of 2010. (See appendix). Increased in gross new lending to UK house holds and businesses amounted to 9.9 billions pounds indicates improvement on 2010 year ended amount of 43 billions pounds gross new lending plus 7.5 billions pounds of UK loans gotten from the acquisition of Standard Life Bank at the beginning of the year 2010. The Q1 2011 dividend of 1.0 pound per share, with earnings per share of 8.5 pounds. Over 2010, the group ranked in the top quartile Total Shareholder Returns (TSR) of its global competitors, this position is progressively maintained in the Q1 2011 implies good performance indicating good management by objectives this year. www.barclaysannualreport.com 2.2.2   Management and Staff The management is made up of thirteen highly skilled and qualified directors and has 147,500 staff and senior executives. Most of the staff are young and have the requisite capabilities, and are re-trainable for newer systems and technology. The remuneration Committee provides governance and strategic control of remuneration, human resource activities and senior management development. The Committee’s objective in relation to remuneration is to motivate its employees towards excellence in business and personal performance by offering incentives, attract and retain employees of ability and experience.   Staff is encouraged to part take in share option and share purchase schemes and have a substantial sum invested in Barclay’s shares.   Staff is kept informed of matters of concern to them in many ways, such as business unit news magazines, intranets, briefings and mobile phone SMS messaging. These communications facilitate the achievement of a common awareness among employees.   Staffs share their views and feedback on issues that matters to them. Periodic employee Opinion Surveys results reported to the Board, all employees and to its European Works Council, Africa Forum, its recognised union in the UK and other recognised unions worldwide. Road shows and employee forums also take place. In addition, regular and formal consultations with its recognised trade unions and work councils internationally. www.barclays.co.uk 2.2.3   Infrastructure and Delivery   The group is investing heavily in infrastructures in order to perfect its client services and better reach to its global customers and clients, explains why the group is facing high operating costs. www.barclays.co.uk 3.  SWOT Analysis The SWOT Analysis identified the opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses of the bank, as follows: 3.1 Strengths: The world’s third largest bank in terms of assets, with a core tier one ratio of 11 per cent. Barclays Corporate has been named Lender of the Year at the 2011 Health Investor Award for the third time. The group has an effective data management and   first bank to produce statements in colours. Barclays Egypt Award for business continuity despite the recent country’s civil unrest. The Awards for Excellence 2011 won by Barclays community investment programme in Katine, Uganda. The group’s brand is unique, historically built and promoted continuously through its good citizenship such as sponsorship of Premier League football. The group enjoys large economies of scales and spread of risks as a result of its global presence. Barclays Capital ranked number two overall in Risk magazine’s survey of institutional investor clients.   Double win for Barclays at UK Moneyfacts Awards Distinct technological innovations, for example, it introduced the first credit card ever used in the market in 1966 , and mobile banking.. Acquisition and incorporation of Egg’s credit card customers in to the Barclaycard portfolio. The complex nature and complicated application of its new brands cause a lot of problems to its customers such as the lengthy digits codes to memorize when using telephone banking. The group leadership team has very little customer-centric view, thus give the reason why they always have a lot of customer complaints especially from its UK retail banking that is poor customer services. Poor earnings performance in the first quarter fueled criticism about executive pay packages in Barclays capital, the investment banking unit where pretax profit fell 33 per cent in the first quarter 2011. Less attractive shares due to low earnings performance. The bank branches are not well centralized within the high streets of UK unlike RBS and NatWest banks which are everywhere in the streets. Online banking and telephone banking are complicated to access. High interest rates on loans and low interest rates on savings accounts. The bank recent launch of the high street’s first two-year flexible bond giving savers a competitive   rate   and the flexibility to withdraw up to 30 per cent of the balance without incurring any charges. Telephone banking with Barclays Wealth international offers secure, personal and private services, being the fast and friendly way to deal with day-to-day banking request unlike other banks such as HSBC. Barclays Bank has a strong competitive advantage as it is among the top three banks in many African countries, including Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, Zambia and Mauritius, thanks to its merger with Absa Group Ltd in South Africa. Emerging markets in Africa and Asia Pacific. Barclays Capital strengthens prime services management by recently appointing ten managing directors. Its strategy of full global diverse services provides the group a wide range of cross-selling opportunities. 3.2 Weaknesses 3.3 Opportunities 3.4 Threats The recent Merlin agreement that required the availability of appropriate capital and resources by the banks to support gross new lending of 190 billions pounds, should demand materialize. The recent strike threat at Highland airports could hit Barclays Scottish Open at Castle Stuart. Barclays group faces stress with difference in the government rules and regulations in all of its respective markets in the world. Chairman of the Independent Commission on Banking (ICB), confirmed recently in a weekend speech, that moves to split retail and investment banking operations were being considered. Due to its global operation nature, the group is exposed to high risks in the financial markets. Barclays group experiences increasing competition and threats in the banking industry from other companies such as the new Japanese bank called Mizuho which is building in London to find new avenue for growth. www.barclays.co.uk, www.fm.co.za/articles, www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news, www.bbc.co.uk/news/business, www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/businessnews , and www.e-customer-satisfaction.com/rev . 4. Customer Analysis 4.1 Markets The bank has branches in the UK as well as operations throughout Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia and the Americas. The market stakeholders consist of the governments, other public Sector bodies, corporate entities, insurance companies, professionals, public servants, teachers, Students and national residents in the above market segments. www.barclays.com 4.2   Market Segmentation Market segmentation is the splitting up of a market into different groups of customers with distinctly similar needs and product/service requirements. There is now widespread agreement that market segmentation form an important foundation for successful marketing strategies and activities. (Wind, 1978; Hooley and Saunders 1993).It implies market segmentation ensures that the elements of the marketing mix, price, distribution, products and promotion, are designed to meet particular needs of different customers. Barclays group divides its market into different geographic units such as nations, states, regions, cities or streets. For example Barclays bank PLC Oxford road (University’s branch) in Manchester. This kind of division is called geography segmentation. The group also uses demographic segmentation to split its market in to groups on the basis of variables such as age, family size, family life cycle, gender, income, occupation, education, generation, nationality, religion, and social class. This type of segmentation is easy to measure and enables the bank to identify the right product offer to meet the specific needs of customers and improve its customer perceived offerings. For example, improvements of student account offer such as no monthly fee, an interest-free overdraft facility up to 2,000 pounds from opening the account. www.barclays.com 4.3 Market Targeting Barclays bank PLC uses the differentiated targeting approach which recognizes that there are several market segments to target, each being attractive to the marketing organization. As such, to exploit markets, a marketing strategy is developed for each segment. For example, Barclays targeted the student market segment in UK, and its rationale for acquiring students was that there was an opportunity to establish a long-term relationship with students and, to target a new customer annually. The bank uses effective segmentation assessment criteria such as ensuring that its various market segments are measurable, substantial, accessible, differentiable and actionable, ensure a segment is useful for targeting.   This effective segmentation assessment criteria help in choosing the right targeting approach to use 4.4 Market Positioning Market positioning is the act of designing the company’s offering and image to occupy a distinctive place in the minds of the target market. (A.Ries and J.Trout, 2000). The main purpose of positioning is to build the bank’s brands in the minds of the customers in order to maximize potential benefit to the bank. Kotler (1997) argued that â€Å"Positioning is the act of designing the company’s offering and image so that they occupy a meaningful and distinct competitive position in the target customers’ minds†. Therefore, positioning is all about how customers judge a product’s attribute relative to that of its competitors, and its ability to deliver against the promises made. The bank has applied a good positioning of its brands to target markets. For example, Barclays found that an incentive offering mobile broadband would have the most appeal to students, the bank partnered with orange to offer 25 percent discount on its mobile broadband schemes to those who signed up for a Barclays student account. The bank also established a working group to oversee the new student proposition such as no monthly fees, an interest-free overdraft, free debit cards, mobile phone banking and a net work of local branches. This is to build its brands in the minds of its target customers by effectively and efficiently meeting their needs. Orange and Barclaycard recently launch ‘Quick Tap’ – the UK’s first contactless mobile phone payments service, allowing consumers to make purchases on the high street using their mobile phone  · Customers can make purchases  £15 and under nationwide by simply tapping their Quick Tap mobile handset against a contactless reader at over 50,000 stores. Hence, the group has good positioning strategies. 4.5   Branding Branding is a means to distinguish the products or services of one company from those of another. (K. Moore and Reid, 2006). Therefore, a brand is a logo, name, symbol, design or image, or any combination of these, which is designed to identify the product or service. Barclays group does branding of its products/services with respect to its target customers needs. The group has different brands such as Barclaycard and its contactless mobile payment brand , online banking, offshore banking and investment, UK premier and personal banking, business banking, Barclays corporate, international banking services, Barclays capital and Barclays wealth.   www.barclays.com/product and services, www.oup.com/uk/orc 5.  Marketing Strategies 5.1 Mission The mission of the Barclays Bank is to make available products as well as services to help the customers to achieve their financial goals that would in turn lead to economic growth as well as being a good citizen. 5.2  Marketing and Financial objectives Customer and client driven, which implies its customers and clients are at the center of its strategy and business model. As a result of this, a long-term customer relationship is established which develops sustainable business over time. Thus, the group believes that most successful banks are those that serve clients across all their needs through a wide range of distribution channels. Effective risk management and ensuring the required financial discipline to deliver returns is maintained, and operating within its capital resources and generating returns in excess of its cost of equity. The group also intends to gain income growth through sustainable growth in target markets and geographies. Target return on equity of 13 per cent by 2013 and generating additional income of between 4.3 and 6.4 billion pounds in 2013 relative to 2010 while ensuring to produce top quartile total shareholder return over time. www.barclaysannualreport.com 5.2.1   Supply strategies Barclaycard and orange newly developed â€Å"Quick Tap† contactless mobile payment service which allows consumers to make purchases on the high street using their mobile phone for the very first time. Barclaycard is providing Orange customers with  £10 cash added to their account upon activation, and 10% cash back on all Quick Tap purchases made in the first three months. Barclays Capital, the investment banking division of Barclays Bank PLC, recently announced the launch of the Algorithmic Inflation Momentum Switching (AIMS) index, designed to generate excess returns from the US inflation market. The reason being that market participants switch from nominal bonds to TIPS when concerned about inflation. Barclays Wealth international offers discounted international online payments to investment and mortgage advice from our specialist advisers. It provides you with immediate access to your money as well as control over your day-to-day spending wherever you are. www.barclays.com 5.2.2 Demand Strategies Target students and matured wealthy Nationals returning home or resident locally, including doctors, lawyers, managers, entrepreneurs and retired persons. To gain more competitive advantages in the market through product differentiation. 5.2.3 Positioning strategies The bank is currently perceived to have a poor customer services compared to its peer group that is their service offering and quality are not very much outstanding as portraits by its branding. So the bank’s aim is to also move to the top position for service offering and service quality through its innovative product developments and improved service quality so as to defend its strong brand image. Ensures effective data management is improved. 5.2.4 Competitors Strategies Improve the quality of customer services by training staff. Continuously promote ATMs, online banking, Barclaycards and telephone banking services that will provide greater convenience to customers. Offer unique innovative Barclays Wealth-management and Barclays Capital products/services that will attract the target markets.www.barclays.com 5.3 Marketing Mix Strategies 5.3.1 Product Barclays offers personal banking and credit card facilities through Barclaycard to customers. The products and services for personal customers include: bank accounts (from entry-level through to premier), a range of credit cards through Barclaycard, saving accounts, loans, insurance, online banking and mortgages through Woolwich. The also offers corporate and business banking, investment banking and Wealth management -which focuses on private and intermediary clients worldwide, providing international and private banking, investment management, fiduciary services, and brokerage. The group ensures these products and services are always available to satisfy customer needs. www.barclays.com 5.3.2 Price The group ensures the prices are affordable with respect to the target customers. For example, no monthly fees, interest –free overdraft and 25% discount on its mobile broadband schemes to those who signed up for a Barclays student account. Also a discounted international online payment to investment. www.barclays.com 5.3.3 Place The bank positions its product and services in such a way that they will be accessible at customers convenience such as Barclays replacement debit card delivered to customer’s home in two working days, availability of Quick Tap contactless reader at over 50,000stores. Mobile phone banking and increase in a network of local branches. ATMs at strategic locations throughout the country. 5.3.4 Promotion Word-of-mouth campaign and literature in branches. Online advertising on website and direct mail to prospective students. Phone prospective customers or visit them at their residents or place of business to sell products and services to them Develop an advertising campaign programs targeting the selected groups of customers.    5.3.5 Personnel and Services Develop a performance appraisal system that will allow for feedback throughout the fiscal year which determines annual salary increments and the quarterly bonuses such as travelling allowances, reward for sales volumes in order to motivate staff. Recruit more people that possess the required skills for the tasks available and provide each of them with a job description setting out clearly the job expectations and goals, as well as the required job-related behaviors. Offer good training to both existing and current staff for the job required task. Improve on customers services by training both top management staff and subordinates to be customer-centric. www.marketingweek.co.uk/opinion/barclays , and www.barclays.com/productsand services. 6. Channel analysis Barclays bank uses the following ways to communicate with customers through its multichannel routes such as word-of-mouth campaign, literature in branches from employees, online advertising and direct mail. The bank also reaches customers through telephones, ATMs, contactless payment cards and visa debit cards. The bank has about 1,900 branches in the UK as well as operations throughout Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and the US. Also plans to improve on the centralization of its branches within each target market. Increase the number of its local branches within the high streets of UK, such as Universities areas.   www.barclays.com 7. Implementation and Control Barclays group supports a marketing oriented culture to provide market perceived offering that meets customer’s expectations by placing a strong emphasis on its market research (SWOT and PESTLC analysis) to discover the data of   its market context, customer requirements, competitors activities, the most appropriate way to run their channel operations (distribution and marketing communications) The group has ten existing skillful directors and two current directors, all assigned to manage each of the products and services business units efficiently and effectively with the help of 147,500 employees through management by objective.   The budget holders who are top management will be given incentives, so as to hit and improve both their sales forecast and profit targets. The group headquarters management foster and encourage creativity and innovation through out the business while ensuring effective risks management and financial discipline is in control. www.barclays.com 8. Financial Forecast  · Target return on equity of 13 per cent by 2013  · Additional income of between 4.3 and 6.4 billion pounds in 2013 relative to 2010. www.barclaysannualreport.com 9. Contingency plans Continued investment in multichannel platform such as success performance in mobile banking and online investment platform. Effectively and efficiently focus on productivity and innovations Ensure customer sovereignty is in place by stay close to them and effectively managing their risks.   Conclusion I have taken a critical look in to the situation faced by Barclays group PLC such as its objectives, and goal (13 percent returns on equity by 2013 and income growth of) the group expected to achieved. While taken in to consideration its strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities sorted out by the use of SWOT and PESTLC analysis, as well as competitors analysis, and its marketing strategies on execution. I will lay emphasis on top management and staffs to be more customer-centric when making decisions and execution on strategies as well as carrying out effective implementation and control in order to reach desired target.

An Efficient Solution Essay Example

An Efficient Solution Essay Example An Efficient Solution Essay An Efficient Solution Essay An Efficient Solution Rashaad Taylor 9-23-10 Jochem, Eberhard, K. (2006, August, 23). An efficient solution. Scientific American (September, 2006), 64-67 An Efficient Solution Rashaad Taylor The article â€Å"An Efficient Solution† is about effective ways to conserve energy, how it effects the world and how it effects our lives. Wasting less energy is the quickest, least expensive way to stem carbon emissions. Energy conservation is the important part of energy policies. Energy conservation is an important part of energy policies. To some people, â€Å"energy efficiency† means less comfort. The concept of efficiency means that people get the same service using less energy. The fastest way to reduce carbon emissions is to develop an efficiency strategy. We need more ways to improve efficiency along the energy chain: primary energy such as oil, energy carriers such as electricity and useful energy such as the heat in our ovens. New technologies, replace the present intensive use of energy and aterials. Insulating buildings more effectively, changing the industry process and driving aerodynamic cars would reduce the demand for energy use. Some household appliances conserve energy. A desktop computer generates less heat and is made of recyclable materials. A dishwasher has a booster heater that raises water temperature to the required temperaturefor dish washing, it also uses about a half the water required for manual washing. A convection oven ca n cut energy se by 20% because the heat comes from the bottom and it blows the heat around to cook the food. A typical new refrigerator uses one quarter the energy of a 1974 model. In conclusion, the article â€Å"An Efficient Solution† is about improving the efficiency along the energy chain. Insulating buildings more effectively decreases the demand for energy. Driving aerodynamic cars would reduce the demand for gasoline. We have to find more efficient ways to improve the efficiency of the energy chain.

SPIRITUAL AND RELIGIOUS ENVIRONMENT INCLUSION Research Paper

SPIRITUAL AND RELIGIOUS ENVIRONMENT INCLUSION - Research Paper Example hat which makes one breathe, or to that in life worth breathing for. Spirituality is interpreted variously, depending on concerns, expectations, and experiences. For many, the spiritual domain is equated with a specific religious tradition or practice; for some, spirituality is a private experience of connection to some unifying and universal presence; and for others, it is tantamount to a profound sentiment of peace and contentment. For some they are uncomfortable with the parlance of spirituality (faith, belief, soul, God). Soet and Martin (2007) report that spirituality has received increasing attention as an area to be considered in counseling and college student development. But little has been written about specific interventions to address college students' spiritual needs.† (Strange, 2001 p.58) 3 In â€Å"Taking Religious Pluralism Seriously: Spiritual Politics on America's Sacred,† Barbara A. ... one poll, are not part of any religious tradition at all." (McGraw & Formicola, 2005, p.ix) 3 In 2002, the UCLA’s Higher Education Research Institute initiated a main, multi-year program of research to study the spiritual development of undergraduate students during the college years. The Astin, Astin, & Lindholm study (2010) was intended to increase the understanding of how college students consider the spirituality, the role it plays in their lives, and how colleges and universities can be more effective in facilitating students’ spiritual development. (Astin, et al., 2010, p.1) Among the primary research questions were: 4 â€Å"What role does spirituality play in the lives of today’s college students?† 4 â€Å"How do students’ spiritual qualities change during the college years?† 4 â€Å"What are institutions doing that aids or inhibits students in their spiritual quest?† (Astin, et al., 2010, p.1) 4 According to the Spirituality we bsite of the UCLA, the school found that students showed the maximum degree of growth in the five spiritual qualities if they are enthusiastically engaged in â€Å"inner work† through self-reflection, observation, or contemplation. Students also showed significant increases in interest in the spiritual quest when their faculty practiced inclusionary policies. 4 â€Å"Religious Engagement, an ‘external’ measure which represents the behavioral equivalent to Religious Commitment, includes behaviors such as presence religious services, praying, religious singing/chanting, and reading sacred books. Attendance at religious services shows a sharp down turn during college, while other forms of engagement show alike but slighter declines. Over the third of the students (39%) attend services less repeatedly in university than they did in high

LITERARY TERMS, CONVENTIONS, & GENRES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

LITERARY TERMS, CONVENTIONS, & GENRES - Essay Example the pens and brushes of the artists present, preserve and draw out the socio-cultural values of their environment in an excellent and elegant mode, which are sure to turn into the intellectual heritage of their society for the future centuries to come. Since it is social and cultural features that provide the raw material to creativity on which the foundations of literature are eloquently erected, so the realities of life give birth to the formation and growth of various forms and genres of literature. In view of the fact that realities are both bitter and sweet ones, the true writers do never hesitate in depicting divergent aspects of society while creating their works. The same can be observed by examining the novels under study including â€Å"Gulliver’s Travels† by Jonathan Swift and â€Å"Mrs. Dalloway† by Virginia Woolf. Produced and published during the first half of eighteenth century, Gulliver’s Travels is undoubtedly a wonderful piece of literature created in a superb way by renowned writer and satirist Jonathan Swift. The author has ironically criticized the social injustices and inequalities adopted and observed by the kings, queens, nobility, clergy and courtiers during the Swift’s times by throwing light on the hypocrisy and double standards observed by the elite stratum of society. The novel is based upon the travels the protagonist character i.e. Gulliver made after the wrecking of his ship during his voyage. After the wrecking of the ship Gulliver, a doctor by profession, reaches several strange lands and comes across diverse types of creatures, which are not only absolutely different from the normal humans in size and activities, but are also observe quite eccentric and awkward behavior while interacting with one another. Hence, the novel is full of thrill, action, suspense and amusement, which reveals the outstanding talent and observation of the author on the one hand, and his command over drawing out characters and creating amusements

Modern History of Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Modern History of Japan - Essay Example Inadvertently, by providing peace to the country, samurais had helped the farmers to bring in an agricultural revolution by making the farmers wealthy. In addition to that, a proto-industrial employment to the farmers during the lean season also made them richer. This was noticed by the samurais and they tried to increase the taxation on the farmers. The restoration that started as a farmer movement for over one year had the tacit support of the emperor and one of the Samurais. Soon, on the super natural grounds the rule of the Samurai in the rural areas was temporarily suspended. When the Samurai – farmer conflict rose, the farmers gathered in larger numbers resulting in violent attacks on Samurais. The emperor took the side of the farmers and some of the samurais lower down the rung also took the side of the Emperor. The Kyoto aristocrats also moved in to ensure that the restoration was least violent and was more in line with religious requirements. The samurais were thus re placed. And the Emperor with his aristocratic council became the decision makers for the country. The Japanese nationalism budded and grew to a great extent. With the industrial change from a largely agrarian economy, the wealth of the nation also multiplied tremendously. The overall GDP of the country grew to the level of any other western nation which made the country a major competition for the western powers. Meiji era also saw the rise of the Popular Rights Movement which was more a democracy movement but was crushed by the ruling oligarchy. The imperial army had grown in its power and capacity and can handle such minor uprisings with crushing cruelty.

Fist Language Aquisition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fist Language Aquisition - Essay Example The first step in language acquisition of small children is the determination of sounds. Children learn words by imitating the words they hear from the people around them (people.umass.edu 4). They may have difficulty at first to pronounce the words correctly, but as time goes by, they acquire the correct pronunciation of the words. O’Grady and Sook, however, argue that children do not just imitate, they make their own rules based on what they observe from adults (OGrady and Sook 327). This theory is proven by a common feature of small child’s language, which is the presence of grammatical mistakes. An example of this is when kids say â€Å"goed† instead of â€Å"went† or â€Å"gooder† instead of â€Å"better.† Children might not have heard these words but have concluded that they were the right words to say based on their observation of the speech of those who surround them. There are two patterns in the child word learning, namely the referential and the expressive (pandora.ci.wwu.edu). Referential are the names of objects such as â€Å"dog† or â€Å"toy,† while expressive are the personal desires and social interactions such as â€Å"hi† or â€Å"good.† This characteristic reflects how parents are very influential in the first language acquisition of children. It is essential that when kids make a grammatical error, they should be corrected. Another characteristic of the language of small children is the deletion of unstressed syllables and the retention of stressed syllables in their pronunciation (OGrady and Sook 332). This is because the stressed syllables are more noticeable than the unstressed ones. An example cited by O’Grady and Sook is â€Å"kangaroo† which is often pronounced as â€Å"wu† and â€Å"telephone† which may be pronounced by a child as â€Å"fow† (333). From this feature of a child’s language, it can be said that their â€Å"ability to perceive the phonemic contrasts of their language develops well in advance of their ability to

Sourcebased Case Study NaziSoviet Pact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sourcebased Case Study NaziSoviet Pact - Essay Example The Source shows the successful mission of Stalin because it has been able to "spear" down Hitler finally to a good political maneuver. The wreath on Stalin's right hand suggest the death of the fascist forces with the subsequent death of Hitler and under the false pretence of the restorative pact (for Soviet Union) that shall keep communism thriving as the two instruments in Stalin's hand suggest. The source's accuracy is largely sarcastic and also quite beneficial in pointing out the reason behind the shocking pact between the two devils-the communist and the Fascist forces that threatened the West and the Capitalist countries. The source helps one to understand the apparently defunct and devious peace treaty that was signed which hid a deeper truth about a secret protocol that promised mutual shared power over countries like, Finland Estonia Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Romania and thus promised each other "territorial and political rearrangements". Source B begins with the line "Why did Britain and France help Hitler to achieve his aims" This line particularly helps one to answer the deep distrust within Soviet Union politicians and especially Stalin about the stance of the powerful Western countries like Britain and France. United-front here refers to anl alliances between the West and the Communist Soviet Union. While each member of this front stays independent, they work together while the Communists inside a united front would continue to promote a revolutionary platform. The disappointment voiced in the source has a history of Third Period policies that had led to the Nazi suppression of both the Social Democratic Party and the Communist Party of Germany in 1933 after the policy did not allow joint action thus dividing and weakening the German left, thereby allowing the Nazis to win power. The same intention has been voiced here. The Source accuses Britain and France of committing the same mistake of allowing Hitler to ta ke advantage of the disagreements between the powerful nations. But the source does not state the reasons for Britain's fear for such a united front against Hitler. Both Soviet Union and Germany was a threat to the European countries. At that time the Communist International was committed to destroying capitalist governments throughout the world. British Trade Unionists were talking about setting up Workers' Councils and overthrowing Parliament. Soviet Union money helped the strikers in the General strike and coal miners during the coal strikes. Thus Soviet Union was paradoxically a greater threat than Hitler, just as Britain thought that Hitler was a bigger threat to Soviet Union than to the other nations. Infact Soviet Union was still shadowed by the totalitarian rule of Lenin and Hitler was the best weapon who could destroy Soviet Union with similar destructive powers. Hence, the West wanted the two countries to destroy each other. Again, Hitler's Germany as a welcome barrier to the spread of

Real Art as the Capacity to Make us Nervous Research Paper

Real Art as the Capacity to Make us Nervous - Research Paper Example For the Greeks, art was neither significant nor true. In short, what they were trying to say is that the painting of a chair is no good if someone is not going to seat on it. However, lie or no lie, art considerably has a certain value since it is a form of therapy. It has the capability to make people feel nervous and send their minds on a thoughtful journey depending on the object you are viewing (Sontag 1). With regards to the Greeks, the mimetic theory of art goes together with the view that art is figurative, all the times. However, they should not close their eyes to the fact that art is always abstract and decorative. The misleading notion that art is unavoidably a "realism" can be scrapped or modified devoid of ever going outside the issues surrounded by the mimetic theory (Sontag 1). This paper will discuss why art makes an audience nervous. It will base is on Sontags claim that real art has the capacity to make people feel nervous. It will also present its arguments using a number of performance art and the effects they had on the audience to dispute the Greek notion of art. Performance art has had its fair share of criticism over time. Most people deem that it is clearly weird, having heard rumors of bulls semen, dancing naked and even howling. A majority of individuals in the art world believe that since its halcyon days in the 60s and in the 70s, the medium has lost its power (Swan 1). No matter the side someone stands, chances are performance art makes them unbelievably nervous or maybe even cynical as some critics believe. The nervous feeling, a majority of the dramatists confirm is the proof of arts unique power to make people think afar and also feel something different. Performance art is live art and when it is really good, it creates a direct and overly personal effect on the audience (Heathfield 8). For  instance, in Lesbian National Parks and Services by Shawna Dempsey and Lorri Millan, Dempsey's knuckles are raw and bleeding when he eventually became tired to knock on the door. A majority of the audience has gradually frittered away, but some returned periodically to watch.

Fist Language Aquisition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fist Language Aquisition - Essay Example The first step in language acquisition of small children is the determination of sounds. Children learn words by imitating the words they hear from the people around them (people.umass.edu 4). They may have difficulty at first to pronounce the words correctly, but as time goes by, they acquire the correct pronunciation of the words. O’Grady and Sook, however, argue that children do not just imitate, they make their own rules based on what they observe from adults (OGrady and Sook 327). This theory is proven by a common feature of small child’s language, which is the presence of grammatical mistakes. An example of this is when kids say â€Å"goed† instead of â€Å"went† or â€Å"gooder† instead of â€Å"better.† Children might not have heard these words but have concluded that they were the right words to say based on their observation of the speech of those who surround them. There are two patterns in the child word learning, namely the referential and the expressive (pandora.ci.wwu.edu). Referential are the names of objects such as â€Å"dog† or â€Å"toy,† while expressive are the personal desires and social interactions such as â€Å"hi† or â€Å"good.† This characteristic reflects how parents are very influential in the first language acquisition of children. It is essential that when kids make a grammatical error, they should be corrected. Another characteristic of the language of small children is the deletion of unstressed syllables and the retention of stressed syllables in their pronunciation (OGrady and Sook 332). This is because the stressed syllables are more noticeable than the unstressed ones. An example cited by O’Grady and Sook is â€Å"kangaroo† which is often pronounced as â€Å"wu† and â€Å"telephone† which may be pronounced by a child as â€Å"fow† (333). From this feature of a child’s language, it can be said that their â€Å"ability to perceive the phonemic contrasts of their language develops well in advance of their ability to

Real Art as the Capacity to Make us Nervous Research Paper

Real Art as the Capacity to Make us Nervous - Research Paper Example For the Greeks, art was neither significant nor true. In short, what they were trying to say is that the painting of a chair is no good if someone is not going to seat on it. However, lie or no lie, art considerably has a certain value since it is a form of therapy. It has the capability to make people feel nervous and send their minds on a thoughtful journey depending on the object you are viewing (Sontag 1). With regards to the Greeks, the mimetic theory of art goes together with the view that art is figurative, all the times. However, they should not close their eyes to the fact that art is always abstract and decorative. The misleading notion that art is unavoidably a "realism" can be scrapped or modified devoid of ever going outside the issues surrounded by the mimetic theory (Sontag 1). This paper will discuss why art makes an audience nervous. It will base is on Sontags claim that real art has the capacity to make people feel nervous. It will also present its arguments using a number of performance art and the effects they had on the audience to dispute the Greek notion of art. Performance art has had its fair share of criticism over time. Most people deem that it is clearly weird, having heard rumors of bulls semen, dancing naked and even howling. A majority of individuals in the art world believe that since its halcyon days in the 60s and in the 70s, the medium has lost its power (Swan 1). No matter the side someone stands, chances are performance art makes them unbelievably nervous or maybe even cynical as some critics believe. The nervous feeling, a majority of the dramatists confirm is the proof of arts unique power to make people think afar and also feel something different. Performance art is live art and when it is really good, it creates a direct and overly personal effect on the audience (Heathfield 8). For  instance, in Lesbian National Parks and Services by Shawna Dempsey and Lorri Millan, Dempsey's knuckles are raw and bleeding when he eventually became tired to knock on the door. A majority of the audience has gradually frittered away, but some returned periodically to watch.

The Affordable Care Act Essay Example for Free

The Affordable Care Act Essay The Affordable Care Act objective is to decrease health care expenses through services presented to individuals at this time that cant acquire insurance. Individuals in society with no healthcare insurance regularly use hospital emergency departments as their primary care physician (PCP), which increases cost for everybody. Some advantages to Affordable Care Act are: Preventive services are free, which drops health care costs by handling illnesses in advance, so they won’t reach an expensive crisis. On behalf of individuals who don’t have sufficient amount of money for health insurance, the Federal government will compensate the states for adding individuals to the Medicaid program. The income condition is stretched out up to 133% of the Federal poverty level, roughly $31,000 for a family of four according to (The Affordable Care Act). Individuals who are not eligible for extended Medicaid is given tax credits. States are required to set up insurance interactions, or use the Federal governments exchange. Insurance businesses cannot reject children coverage for pre-existing illnesses. Insurance businesses can no longer drop someone from coverage when they have an illness. If a company rejects somebody’s coverage, that individual can go to an external appeals method. Parents can put their children up to age 26 on their health insurance plans. Obamacare does not relate to businesses with less than 50 employees at their company. Big businesses are obligated to offer health insurance, but receive tax credits to benefit staffs premiums. Disadvantages to Affordable Care Act do exist. There are millions of people who presently purchase private health insurance. American has canceled their own insurance company because the plan doesnt benefits the living health status or situation. Replacing insurance is greater since it provides various services, like maternity care, that many people dont want. Those who dont purchase insurance by March 31, 2014, and dont qualify for Medicaid, will  be assessed a tax of $95 (or 1% of income, whichever is higher) in 2014 according to (Healthcare reformation, CNN.com). Pharmaceutical corporations will pay an additiona l fee to close the gap which exists in Medicare Part D. This may possibly increase drug prices if they permit this onto users. General public could lose their company sponsored health care plans. A lot of companies will find it more cost operative to pay the penalty. Other small businesses might find they can get a better plan through the state-run exchanges according to (â€Å"The Effects of the Affordable Care Act on Employment-Based Health Insurance†). Services and equipment that supports individuals with injuries, disabilities, or chronic, the Obamacare plans will also cover goods and services to help you preserve a standard of living if you contract a chronic disease. The Affordable Care Act keeps insurers from cutting benefits to lower costs. Do you think they be required to raise people premiums? Not certainly, since their returns will increase as millions of people uninsured start paying premiums. Republicans holds much more negative views of The Affordable Care Act and the federal government than Democrats. Furthermore, when told that the federal government (rather than the state) will implement their exchange program, Republicans are far less self-reliant that program will prosper. Democrats oppositely were at least as confident in the federal government’s capacity to manage the exchanges as they were in the states’. These differences in observations, together with the opinionated makeup of states that have opt ed for state versus federal implementation of the health insurance exchanges, have the prospective to lead to further overall disbelief of the federal government and greater separation across states and parties. Practically all Republican states are opting for federally managed exchange programs and nearly all Democratic states are opting to run the exchanges themselves. As a result, federally run health insurance exchanges are likely to experience more struggles than are state-run exchanges, but not necessarily due to shortcomings of the federal government. Reasonably, the struggles of federally run exchanges will stem from biased disagreement to health care reform at the state level. Due to the baffling role of opinionated time-wasting, we cannot unswervingly associate states with federally run platforms to those with state run programs to evaluate which level of government is more capable of performing this difficult policy reform. The  problem arises when each state has dissimilar preferences, and based on those choices, the states â€Å"category† into two sets: one group that wants to, and does, receive the treatment, and one group that does not want to, and therefore does not, receive the treatment. Republicans plan to challenge health care reform, and then criticize that it does not work, although attributing guilt to the Obama administration. For the time being, states with Democratic governance want the reform to succeed, and likely to work together with the federal government. In an effort to help the policy prosper, these states are taking a more hands on approach and applying the contacts themselves. In addition, in states where both the federal and state governments want the reform to succeed, the program will be well applied and public approval of health care reform, the state government, and also the federal government will rise. The ability of the House of Representatives and the Senate to approve this legislation scored a historic victory in the century long battle to reform the nations health care winning final approval of legislation that expands coverage to 32 million people and attempts to contain spiraling costs. The House voted 219 to 212 to approve the measure, with every Republican voting. Over the next 10 years, the measure will set in gesture a complex series of deviations to the health insurance market that will transform into the biggest enlargement of coverage since Medicare and Medicaid were created in 1965, and the most aspiring power ever to restrain health-care costs. Presidents as far back as Theodore Roosevelt have rued the nations approach to health coverage, a structure that assists fairly well to 150 million Americans who have health insurance through their jobs but offers few affordable choices for individuals who work part time, are independent or work for establishments that dont propose health benefits. The bill will affect almost every man, woman and youngster in the United States in some way, from the young adults who establish one of the largest uninsured groups to poor and childless adults who are not eligible for Medicaid in most states. The healthcare debate affected many moral issues in American life The impact on the American consumer is very important. These authorized assistances will allow more individuals to find and treat chronic illnesses beforehand. Millions of families will be able to dodge economic failure by receiving treatment early, or by having the insurance to cover these expenses. In the  forthcoming, this ought to lower health care costs by reducing disastrous care. Many people will get insurance, thanks to the motherhood, newborn and pediatric care. This will reduce health insurance charges overall. Near to the ground income drug addicts, alcoholics and the mentally ill will have insurance coverage to aid their circumstances. While no one can make them to get spotless, clear-headed, defensive coverage can show. References †¢TITLE I-QUALITY, â€Å" AFFORDABLE HEALTH CARE FOR ALL AMERICANS,† The Affordable Care Act http://www.hhs.gov/healthcare/rights/law/index.html †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Healthcare reformation†, CNN.com †¢(â€Å"The Effects of the Affordable Care Act on Employment-Based Health Insurance†, March 15, 2012) †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Affordable Care Act: An Experiment in Federalism?,† Kyle A. Dropp, Molly C. Jackman, Saul P. Jackman †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"House passes health-care reform bill without Republican votes† By Shailagh Murray and Lori Montgomery, Monday, March 22, 2010